The noun gē is one of the most common Greek nouns in the NT, carrying three main senses: (1) the physical earth or world as the habitat of humans (contrasted with heaven); (2) a specific land or region (the land of Israel, Egypt, etc.); and (3) the ground or soil itself (as in agricultural metaphors). It translates the Hebrew erets (H776) extensively in the LXX.
The opening verse of the Bible establishes gē as God's creation: 'In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth [gē]' (Gen 1:1 LXX). Jesus' fifth Beatitude (Matt 5:5) promises the meek that they will 'inherit the earth [gē]' — a direct echo of Psalm 37:11, anchoring a bodily, material eschatology in which the redeemed receive tangible inheritance. John 12:24 uses gē in the grain parable: a kernel falls into the earth [gē] and dies — the image of Christ's own death and resurrection as the seed that produces abundant harvest. Revelation 21:1 announces a 'new earth [gē]' — the creation redeemed and renewed, not destroyed and replaced. The arc of Scripture is a movement: from the garden-earth of Genesis to the city-earth of Revelation, with Christ's resurrection as the firstfruits guarantee of the whole earth's eventual renewal.