To shake off vigorously. Used in the Gospels and Acts of the symbolic gesture of shaking dust from one's feet or sandals when departing a town that has rejected the gospel — a declaration of completed responsibility and divine judgment to come.
The gesture of shaking dust from one's feet is one of the most theologically loaded actions in Jesus' missionary instructions. When a town rejects the gospel, the disciples were to shake off the dust as a testimony against it. In Jewish practice, Jews shook dust off their feet when leaving Gentile territory. Jesus inverts this: the rejecting Jewish town is now as pagan and unclean as Gentile territory. Paul and Barnabas performed this gesture at Pisidian Antioch (Acts 13:51). It is not hatred but grief: a final announcement that the gospel has come and been refused.