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G1733 · Greek · New Testament
ἕνδεκα
hendeka
Numeral (adjective)
eleven

Definition

Hendeka (ἕνδεκα) is the Greek numeral eleven — eleven disciples, eleven sons. A compound of hen (one) + deka (ten). The word is theologically loaded because in the NT it almost always refers to the disciples after Judas's betrayal — the eleven who remained.

Usage & Theological Significance

The "eleven" (hendeka) are a community defined by loss. After Judas, the twelve became eleven — the number marks an incompleteness, a wound. Yet it is to the hendeka that the risen Christ appears (Matthew 28:16), and it is the hendeka who receive the Great Commission. The incomplete number precedes Pentecost and the restoration: Acts 1 records the election of Matthias to restore the twelve. Incompleteness + commission = the pattern of the church — called to mission before fully restored, going forth with gaps still healing.

Key Verses

Matthew 28:16 Then the eleven [hendeka] disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain where Jesus had told them to go.
Mark 16:14 Later Jesus appeared to the Eleven [hendeka] as they were eating; he rebuked them for their lack of faith.
Luke 24:9 When they came back from the tomb, they told all these things to the Eleven [hendeka] and to all the others.
Acts 1:26 Then they cast lots, and the lot fell to Matthias; so he was added to the eleven apostles.
Luke 24:33 They got up and returned at once to Jerusalem. There they found the Eleven [hendeka] and those with them, assembled together.

Word Study

Hendeka appears only in the Gospels and Acts, always referring to the apostolic group. The number twelve had cosmic significance — twelve tribes, twelve months, twelve apostles corresponding to new-Israel. Eleven is Israel incomplete, the messianic community with a gap. The urgency to restore the twelve (Acts 1) before Pentecost is not bureaucratic but symbolic: the Spirit is poured out on a complete Israel.

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