The Greek noun agathōsynē (ἀγαθωσύνη) means goodness, uprightness, moral excellence — particularly goodness that actively benefits others. It is a uniquely biblical Greek word (not found in classical Greek literature), derived from agathos (G18, good). It differs subtly from chrestotēs (G5544, kindness/gentleness) in that agathōsynē has more energy and moral boldness — it is the goodness that drives one to correct wrongs and help others vigorously. It appears in Paul's list of the fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22) and in his prayer for the Thessalonians (2 Thessalonians 1:11).
Agathōsynē is a fruit of the Holy Spirit — meaning it is not humanly manufactured but divinely produced in those who walk in the Spirit (Galatians 5:22–23). It is not passive niceness but active righteousness — going out of one's way to do what is truly good, even when it requires courage. Paul prays that God would "fulfill every desire for goodness" in the Thessalonians (2 Thessalonians 1:11), recognizing that such goodness requires divine empowerment. Ephesians 5:9 locates agathōsynē as part of the "fruit of light" — the natural output of a life lived in the light of God's presence. The ultimate model of agathōsynē is God Himself (Romans 15:14 — Paul speaks of believers being "full of goodness"), who defines, models, and produces goodness in His people.