Eperchomai appears 9 times in the New Testament, combining epi (upon) + erchomai (to come). It describes something or someone coming upon another — often with sudden or overwhelming force. Most theologically significant is Luke 1:35, where the angel tells Mary: 'The Holy Spirit will come upon [eperchomai] you' — the same word used for the Spirit's arrival at Pentecost (Acts 1:8) and for coming evil (Ephesians 6:13).
Eperchomai is the word of divine visitation. The Holy Spirit 'came upon' Mary (Luke 1:35) — the incarnation was a sovereign divine eperchomai. Acts 1:8 promises the Spirit will 'come upon' the disciples — the Church begins with divine eperchomai. Yet the word also describes coming judgment: James 5:1 warns the rich that 'miseries that are coming upon [eperchomai] you.' This dual usage reveals that every divine arrival is both blessing and judgment — the same Spirit who empowers the Church exposes the world's sin. Eperchomai is always a sovereign intrusion of eternity into time.