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G2006 · Greek · New Testament
ἐπιτήδειος
epitēdeios
Adjective
needful, necessary, suitable, fitting for use

Definition

Epitēdeios (ἐπιτήδειος) means fitting, adequate, or meeting the requirements of a need — what is needful or suitable. It appears once in James 2:16, in the devastating portrait of faith-without-works: telling someone "go in peace, be warm and filled" without giving them what the body needs (ta epitēdeia).

Usage & Theological Significance

James 2:16 uses epitēdeia to expose the contradiction in verbal blessing without material action. The hypothetical is pointed: a brother or sister is cold and hungry, and you say "Go in peace, keep warm, eat well" — but give them nothing. The epitēdeia tou sōmatos ("things needful for the body") are withheld while spiritual-sounding words flow freely. This is James' test case for dead faith: faith that generates no response to obvious need has no life. The incarnation itself is God's answer to human epitēdeia — not verbal blessing from heaven but embodied provision on earth.

Key Verses

James 2:16 If one of you says to them, "Go in peace; keep warm and well fed," but does nothing about their physical needs [ta epitēdeia], what good is it?
1 John 3:17 If anyone has material possessions and sees a brother or sister in need but has no pity on them, how can the love of God be in that person?
Matthew 25:35-36 "For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in."
Luke 3:11 John answered, "Anyone who has two shirts should share with the one who has none, and anyone who has food should do the same."
Acts 2:45 They sold property and possessions to give to anyone who had need.

Word Study

James 2:14-26 is the NT's most sustained argument about faith and works. Epitēdeia (needful things) is the crux: can you claim to have faith-love while ignoring concrete human need? The answer is no — not because works earn salvation but because genuine faith produces action. The word epitēdeios is derived from epi + tēdeos (custom, practice) — what actually fits the situation. Love that actually fits the need is different from love-talk.

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