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G2010 · Greek · New Testament
ἐπιτρέπω
epitrepō
Verb
to permit, to allow, to give leave

Definition

Epitrepō (ἐπιτρέπω) means to permit or allow — to give someone leave to do something, to entrust. From epi + trepō (to turn). The word appears in discussions of Mosaic law (Moses "permitted" divorce), demonic requests (demons ask permission to enter pigs), and Paul's controversial instructions.

Usage & Theological Significance

Three notable NT uses: (1) Jesus on divorce — Moses "permitted" (epitrepō) divorce because of hardness of heart, not because God originally designed it (Matt. 19:8). The word reveals the distance between permissive concession and divine ideal. (2) The Gerasene demons beg Jesus to "allow" (epitrepō) them into the pigs — astonishing that the demons request permission from the one they fear. (3) Paul's "I do not permit" (epitrepō) in 1 Tim. 2:12 is the most contested use, requiring contextual nuance. All three uses show that permission operates within sovereign authority.

Key Verses

Matthew 19:8 Jesus replied, "Moses permitted [epitrepō] you to divorce your wives because your hearts were hard. But it was not this way from the beginning."
Mark 5:13 He gave them permission [epitrepō]. So the impure spirits came out and went into the pigs.
Luke 8:32 And they begged him repeatedly not to order them to go into the Abyss... He gave them permission [epitrepō].
1 Corinthians 14:34 Women should remain silent in the churches. They are not allowed [epitrepō] to speak.
Acts 27:3 Julius, in kindness to Paul, allowed [epitrepō] him to go to his friends so they might provide for his needs.

Word Study

Epitrepō is the permission verb — it operates within a framework of authority. When Jesus grants the demons permission to enter pigs, the reader sees the reversal: the powers of darkness are not autonomous but petition-dependent, operating within the limits Christ sets. The Mosaic "permission" for divorce that Jesus references shows that not everything permitted is ideal — God accommodates human fallenness while pointing to the original design.

Related Words

External Resources

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