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G2019 · Greek · New Testament
ἐπιφωνέω
epiphoneo
Verb
To Shout At; To Cry Out; To Call Out to

Definition

The Greek epiphoneo (Strong's G2019) means 'to shout at,' 'to cry out to,' or 'to raise a voice against someone.' It combines epi (toward) and phoneo (to sound/call out). In the New Testament it is used for crowds crying out — both in rejection (the crowd calling for Barabbas) and in acclamation. The word captures the raw, collective voice of the crowd in decisive moments.

Usage & Theological Significance

The appearances of epiphoneo in the Passion narrative (Luke 23:21) and in Acts 12:22 are theologically contrasting. In Luke, the crowd shouts (epephōnoun) 'Crucify him!' — the voice of the mob overriding justice and mercy. In Acts 12:22, the crowd shouts that Herod's voice is 'the voice of a god' — empty flattery that led to Herod's judgment. Both scenes warn against the spiritual danger of crowd dynamics: the mob crucified the Son of God and deified a corrupt king in the same breath. The voice of the crowd is never automatically the voice of God. Spiritual discernment must stand against the pressure of epiphoneo.

Key Bible Verses

Luke 23:21 But they kept shouting (epephōnoun), 'Crucify, crucify him!'
Acts 12:22 And the people were shouting (epefōnei), 'The voice of a god, and not of a man!'
Acts 22:24 The tribune ordered him to be brought into the barracks, saying that he should be examined by flogging.
John 19:6 When the chief priests and the officers saw him, they cried out, 'Crucify him, crucify him!'
Acts 12:23 Immediately an angel of the Lord struck him down, because he did not give God the glory, and he was eaten by worms and breathed his last.

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