The Greek verb thlibō (θλίβω) means to press, squeeze, crowd, or afflict. It is the verbal root of thlipsis (tribulation, H2347). In its literal sense it means physical pressure or crowding; figuratively it describes oppression, affliction, and the crushing pressure of tribulation. It appears about 10 times in the New Testament.
Thlibō and its noun thlipsis are the New Testament's primary vocabulary for suffering and tribulation. Paul writes in 2 Corinthians 4:8, 'We are hard pressed (thlibomenoi) on every side, but not crushed.' The striking distinction — pressured but not crushed — is the theological heart of apostolic suffering theology. The metaphor is of an olive press: olives are pressed with tremendous force to extract oil. The crushing pressure of tribulation, rightly received, produces the oil of the Spirit — anointing, prayer, intercession. Jesus promises His disciples: 'In this world you will have trouble (thlipsin). But take heart! I have overcome the world' (John 16:33). Tribulation is promised; despair is not.