The Greek word amphoteroi means "both" — referring to two parties or entities together. It appears approximately 14 times in the New Testament, often describing the unity or joint participation of two previously separate groups or individuals.
The theological high point of amphoteroi comes in Ephesians 2:14–18, where Paul declares that Christ has made Jew and Gentile "both" (amphoteroi) into one new humanity, giving "both" access to the Father through one Spirit. This "both" is the explosive center of the gospel: the dividing wall of hostility — ethnic, religious, social — has been demolished. The cross does not merely save individuals; it creates a new community where "both" stand together before God. The word carries the entire weight of the church's unity and the mystery of the gospel revealed.