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G3011 · Greek · New Testament
λειτουργός
leitourgos
Noun, masculine
minister, servant, liturgist, public servant

Definition

Leitourgos originally designated a Greek citizen who performed public service at their own expense (the leitourgia system). In the NT it means servant, minister, or one who performs religious/public service. It appears 5 times, used for civil rulers, priests, Christ himself, and Paul's ministry role.

Usage & Theological Significance

The range of leitourgos in the NT is striking: Romans 13:6 uses it for government officials ('God's servants in governing'); Romans 15:16 uses it for Paul as a 'minister [leitourgos] of Christ Jesus to the Gentiles'; Hebrews 8:2 calls Christ a 'minister [leitourgos] in the sanctuary'; and Philippians 2:25 applies it to Epaphroditus as minister to Paul's needs. The theological implication is that all forms of faithful service — civic, religious, apostolic, personal — share the dignity of divine service. When Paul describes his Gentile mission as liturgical work (Romans 15:16), he elevates cross-cultural ministry to priestly status. Service and worship are one reality.

Key Bible Verses

Hebrews 8:2 A minister [leitourgos] of the sanctuary and of the true tabernacle set up by the Lord, not by a mere human being.
Romans 15:16 To be a minister [leitourgos] of Christ Jesus to the Gentiles with the priestly duty of proclaiming the gospel of God.
Romans 13:6 This is also why you pay taxes, for the authorities are God's servants [leitourgoi], who give their full time to governing.
Philippians 2:25 I think it is necessary to send back to you Epaphroditus, my brother... your messenger [leitourgos] and minister to my need.
Hebrews 1:7 He makes his angels spirits, and his servants [leitourgous] flames of fire.

Related Words

External Resources

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