From meta (change, after) and nous (mind). A complete change of mind and direction — not mere regret but a fundamental reorientation of one's thinking, attitudes, and behavior toward God. One of the most important theological terms in the New Testament.
Both John the Baptist and Jesus began their public ministry with the same word: 'Repent, for the kingdom of heaven has come near' (Matthew 3:2; 4:17). Peter's Pentecost sermon commanded 'Repent and be baptized' (Acts 2:38). Metanoia is not merely feeling sorry — it is a complete reversal of direction, turning from sin and self to God. It involves the mind (new understanding), the emotions (godly sorrow), and the will (new obedience). It is both a gift from God (Acts 11:18) and a human responsibility (Acts 17:30). Without repentance, there is no salvation.