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G3448 · Greek · New Testament
μόσχος
moschos
Noun, masculine
calf; young bull

Definition

From an unused root; moschos refers to a calf, young bull, or young animal. Used in Hebrews for sacrificial animals, in Revelation for the face of the second living creature, and poignantly in Luke 15:23 — the fatted calf slaughtered to celebrate the prodigal son's return.

Usage & Theological Significance

The moschos — the fatted calf — in Luke 15:23 is one of the most theologically loaded images in all the parables of Jesus. The father commands: 'Bring the fattened calf and kill it. Let us eat and celebrate.' This is the language of sacrifice and feast. In the OT, a calf sacrifice was reserved for the most significant occasions — covenant ratifications (Gen. 18:7 — Abraham for his heavenly guests), great celebrations, and priestly installations. The father's command to kill the fatted calf for a returning sinner is a covenantal welcome home — not just a meal but a declaration: 'This son of mine was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found' (Luke 15:24). The elder brother's anger at the feast reveals the Pharisee's heart — unwilling to join the covenantal celebration of sinners restored. In Hebrews 9:12, 19, the calf's blood represented the old covenant's sacrificial system — now superseded by 'the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without blemish or defect' (1 Pet. 1:19).

Key Bible Verses

Luke 15:23 Bring the fattened calf and kill it. Let us eat and celebrate.
Hebrews 9:12 He did not enter by means of the blood of goats and calves; but he entered the Most Holy Place once for all by his own blood, thus obtaining eternal redemption.
Revelation 4:7 The second living creature was like an ox...
Luke 15:27 Your brother has come, and your father has killed the fattened calf because he has him back safe and sound.
Acts 7:41 That was the time they made an idol in the form of a calf. They brought sacrifices to it and reveled in what their own hands had made.

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