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G3739 · Greek · New Testament
ὅς, ἥ, ὅ
Hos, Hē, Ho
Relative pronoun
Who / Which / That

Definition

The Greek relative pronoun hos/hē/ho introduces relative clauses and refers back to an antecedent noun. It is fully declined and agrees with its antecedent in gender and number, but takes its case from its function within the relative clause. Appearing about 1,405 times in the NT, it is fundamental to constructing complex theological statements. The neuter ho can introduce clauses summarizing entire realities.

Usage & Theological Significance

Relative clauses introduced by hos often carry some of the NT's most concentrated Christological affirmations — what scholars call "Christ hymns." Colossians 1:15 begins a magnificent Christological passage: "He is [hos] the image of the invisible God." Philippians 2:6 (hos en morphē theou — "who, being in very nature God") and 1 Timothy 3:16 (hos ephanerōthē en sarki — "who was revealed in the flesh") use hos to launch creedal summaries. A tiny pronoun becomes the gateway to deep theology.

Key Bible Verses

Colossians 1:15 The Son is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation. For in him all things were created — [hos — he who is]
Philippians 2:6 Who, being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be used to his own advantage.
1 Timothy 3:16 He who was revealed in the flesh, was vindicated by the Spirit, was seen by angels, was proclaimed among the nations.
John 1:12 Yet to all who did receive him, to those who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God.
Romans 8:34 Who then is the one who condemns? No one. Christ Jesus who died — more than that, who was raised to life.

Related Words

External Resources

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