The Greek proper noun Annas (Ἄννας) is a Hellenized form of the Hebrew Chananyah (Yahweh has been gracious). Annas was the high priest of Israel, appointed by the Roman prefect Quirinius around AD 6, deposed by Valerius Gratus around AD 15, but retaining enormous influence throughout the tenure of his sons and son-in-law Caiaphas.
Annas's role in Jesus's trial is historically and theologically significant. Though technically deposed by Rome, Annas was considered the legitimate high priest by many Jews, and Jesus was brought to him first (John 18:13). Five of Annas's sons and his son-in-law Caiaphas served as high priests — making Annas the patriarch of the priestly dynasty that condemned Jesus. Luke 3:2 notably mentions both "Annas and Caiaphas" as high priests simultaneously, reflecting this shared authority. The man who held power over Israel's highest sacred office stood before the one who is our eternal High Priest (Hebrews 7:24–25). Earthly priesthood met eternal priesthood — and condemned it.