The Greek verb stauroo (σταυρόω) means to crucify — to fix or nail to a cross. It appears about 46 times in the NT, concentrated in the Passion narratives. It derives from stauros (cross).
Crucifixion was Rome's most shameful and brutal execution — reserved for slaves, criminals, and rebels. That the eternal Son of God died by crucifixion is the ultimate scandal and glory of the gospel. Paul declared: 'I resolved to know nothing while I was with you except Jesus Christ and him crucified (estauromenos)' (1 Corinthians 2:2). Galatians 2:20: 'I have been crucified (sunestauromai) with Christ' — the believer participates in the cross. In 6:14: 'the world has been crucified (estaurotai) to me.' Crucifixion is not only what happened to Jesus — it is what happens to us in union with Him.