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G661 · Greek · New Testament
ἀποτίνω
Apotino
Verb
To Pay Back / To Repay / To Make Restitution

Definition

The Greek verb apotino means to pay back, to repay, or to make restitution. It combines apo- (away/back) and tino (to pay a penalty). The word carries legal connotations of settling a debt and appears in Paul's letter to Philemon in a remarkable statement of substitutionary payment.

Usage & Theological Significance

Apotino appears in one of the most theologically loaded sentences in all of Paul's letters. In Philemon 18-19, Paul writes: 'If he has done you any wrong or owes you anything, charge it to me. I, Paul, am writing this with my own hand. I will pay it back [apotiso].' This is Paul acting as a financial guarantor and surety for Onesimus, offering to take on his slave's debt. The parallel to Christ's substitutionary atonement is unmistakable — just as Paul stands in for Onesimus's debt, Christ stands in for humanity's debt to God's righteousness. The entire letter of Philemon is a living parable of the gospel.

Key Bible Verses

Philemon 18-19 If he has done you any wrong or owes you anything, charge it to me. I, Paul, am writing this with my own hand. I will pay it back [apotiso].
Romans 13:7 Give to everyone what you owe them: If you owe taxes, pay taxes; if revenue, then revenue; if respect, then respect; if honor, then honor.
Luke 7:41 'Two people owed money to a certain moneylender. One owed him five hundred denarii, and the other fifty.'
Matthew 5:26 Truly I tell you, you will not get out until you have paid the last penny.
Romans 3:25 God presented Christ as a sacrifice of atonement, through the shedding of his blood — to be received by faith.

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