☀️
← Back to Lexicon
H1167 · Hebrew · Old Testament
בַּעַל
baal
Noun Masculine
owner, master, husband; lord (the Canaanite deity)

Definition

The noun baal fundamentally means owner or master — one who has authority over something or someone. In domestic usage it refers to a husband as the lord of the household. In wider usage it denotes one who possesses or controls (owner of land, of a skill, even 'dreamer' = baal chalomot). The word was also the name of the primary Canaanite storm-and-fertility deity, the storm god whom Israel constantly and catastrophically worshiped in place of YHWH.

Usage & Theological Significance

The spiritual history of Israel is largely the history of choosing between YHWH and Baal. From the incident at Baal-Peor (Num 25) to Elijah's Mount Carmel confrontation (1 Kgs 18), the prophets thundered against Baal worship as the ultimate betrayal of the covenant. Hosea's profound insight (2:16) is that in the coming restoration, Israel will call God ishi (my husband) rather than baali (my lord) — a shift from slave-owner relationship to intimate marriage. Paul echoes this in Romans 11:4, citing the 7,000 who had not bowed to Baal, showing the remnant principle. The NT identifies the demonic 'Beelzebub' (lord of the flies) with baal, and Jesus' authority over demons is the final conquest that Elijah's contest only foreshadowed.

Key Bible Verses

1 Kings 18:21 How long will you waver between two opinions? If the LORD is God, follow him; but if Baal is God, follow him.
Hosea 2:16 …you will call me 'my husband' [ishi]; you will no longer call me 'my master' [baali].
Numbers 25:3 So Israel yoked themselves to the Baal of Peor.
Judges 6:25 Tear down your father's altar to Baal… and cut down the Asherah pole beside it.
Romans 11:4 I have reserved for myself seven thousand who have not bowed the knee to Baal.

Related Words

External Resources

🌙
☀️