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H119 · Hebrew · Old Testament
אָדַם
adam
Verb
to be red, to become ruddy

Definition

The Hebrew verb adam (אָדַם) means to be red or to become ruddy. It is the verbal root behind three key words: Adam (H121, the first man), adamah (H127, ground/earth), and Edom (H123, the nation descended from Esau, meaning 'red'). The connection suggests that Adam was named after the reddish-brown earth from which he was formed.

In its few verbal occurrences, adam describes things that are red or become red: the red wine of Proverbs 23:31, the red appearance of Edom in Numbers, and the cleansing imagery of Isaiah 1:18 where sins are described as red.

Usage & Theological Significance

The verbal root adam connects humanity's identity to its material origin (earth) and to the redemptive reality of blood and atonement. When Isaiah 1:18 declares, 'Though your sins are like scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they are red as crimson, they shall be like wool,' the word for 'red' (adam) echoes the very name of humanity — Adam.

The play on words is theologically profound: the redness of sin is transformed into whiteness through God's cleansing work. Humanity, whose very name reflects its earthy, mortal, and blood-saturated nature, is promised radical transformation. The God who made man from red earth promises to make him pure — anticipating the cleansing blood of the second Adam, Jesus Christ (1 Corinthians 15:45).

Key Bible Verses

Isaiah 1:18 'Come now, let us settle the matter,' says the LORD. 'Though your sins are like scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they are red as crimson, they shall be like wool.'
Proverbs 23:31 Do not gaze at wine when it is red, when it sparkles in the cup, when it goes down smoothly!
Nahum 2:3 The shields of the soldiers are red; the warriors are clad in scarlet.
Genesis 2:7 Then the LORD God formed a man from the dust of the ground (adamah) and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life.
Zechariah 1:8 During the night I had a vision, and there before me was a man mounted on a red horse!

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