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H124 · Hebrew · Old Testament
אֹדֶם
Odem
Noun, masculine
Ruby / Carnelian / Sardius

Definition

The Hebrew word odem (אֹדֶם) refers to a red gemstone — traditionally identified as ruby, carnelian, or sardius. It was the first stone in the first row of the High Priest's breastplate and is mentioned among the jewels of Eden.

Usage & Theological Significance

The odem as the first stone on the High Priest's breastplate carried the name of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel. The breastplate's stones represented the twelve tribes carried over the priest's heart as he approached God — a picture of Christ, our great High Priest, who carries His people before the Father. The appearance of odem in the Garden of Eden (Ezekiel 28:13) and in the New Jerusalem's foundations (Revelation 21:20) connects this stone to both original glory and eschatological restoration.

Key Bible Verses

Exodus 28:17 Then mount four rows of precious stones on it. The first row shall be carnelian, chrysolite and beryl.
Exodus 39:10 Then they mounted four rows of precious stones on it. The first row was carnelian, chrysolite and beryl.
Ezekiel 28:13 You were in Eden, the garden of God; every precious stone adorned you: carnelian, chrysolite and emerald, topaz, onyx and jasper, lapis lazuli, turquoise and beryl.
Revelation 21:20 The fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, carnelian; the seventh, yellow quartz; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, topaz; the tenth, turquoise; the eleventh, jacinth; the twelfth, amethyst.
Exodus 28:21 There are to be twelve stones, one for each of the names of the sons of Israel, each engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes.

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