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H17 · Hebrew · Old Testament
אֲבוֹי
Abowi
Interjection
Alas! Oh! Woe! (expression of grief or distress)

Definition

The Hebrew interjection abowi (אֲבוֹי) is an exclamation of grief, distress, or lamentation — equivalent to "Alas!" or "Oh no!" It appears only once in the Old Testament (Proverbs 23:29) in a poem about the miseries of drunkenness. The word is onomatopoeic in character — the mournful sound of a cry. It belongs to the family of Hebrew lament expressions that include hoy (woe) and ahah (alas).

Usage & Theological Significance

Though abowi appears only once in the Hebrew canon, it represents a category of prophetic speech fundamental to both Testaments: the lament cry. The Hebrew prophets repeatedly used "Woe!" (hoy) as a prophetic pronouncement of judgment, and Jesus adopted this exact form in His seven "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees!" (Matthew 23). The book of Lamentations, the prophetic woes, and the Psalms of lament all reflect the same theological conviction: honest grief before God is holy. The lament tradition is not unbelief — it is faith crying out from darkness. Abowi stands at the beginning of this tradition.

Key Bible Verses

Proverbs 23:29
Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has strife? Who has complaints? Who has needless bruises? Who has bloodshot eyes?
Proverbs 23:30–32
Those who linger over wine, who go to sample bowls of mixed wine. Do not gaze at wine when it is red… In the end it bites like a snake and poisons like a viper.
Isaiah 6:5
Woe (oy) to me! I am ruined! For I am a man of unclean lips, and I live among a people of unclean lips.
Lamentations 1:16
This is why I weep and my eyes overflow with tears. No one is near to comfort me, no one to restore my spirit.
Matthew 23:13
Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You shut the door of the kingdom of heaven in people's faces.

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