The Hebrew verb hamam (H2000) means to confuse, discomfit, or throw into panic — particularly in a military context. It describes God-sent confusion that causes enemies to rout and flee in disarray.
Hamam is a warfare term that consistently describes divine intervention. At the Red Sea, God 'threw the Egyptian army into confusion' (hamam) — panic set in and the greatest military force of the ancient world collapsed. This word appears throughout Israel's battles, highlighting that military victory ultimately belongs to God, not human strategy.