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H4091 · Hebrew · Old Testament
מְהוּמָה
mehumah
Noun, feminine
Confusion/panic/tumult/disorder

Definition

The Hebrew mehumah means confusion, panic, tumult, discomfiture — the chaotic state of those struck by divine judgment or military rout. It is related to hum (to murmur, to make an uproar).

Usage & Theological Significance

Mehumah is a weapon in God's arsenal. YHWH strikes enemies with mehumah — Deuteronomy 28:20 lists it among the curses for disobedience: 'the LORD will send on you curses, confusion, and frustration in everything you put your hand to.' The famous routing of the Philistines in 1 Samuel 14 happens when 'a panic (mehumah) sent by God spread through the army.' This divine disorientation is the opposite of the peace (shalom) God gives to those who trust him. Proverbs 15:16 captures the contrast: 'Better a little with the fear of the LORD than great wealth with turmoil.' The world's systems promise order but deliver mehumah; God's kingdom offers the opposite.

Key Bible Verses

Deuteronomy 28:20 The LORD will send on you curses, confusion and rebuke in everything you put your hand to, until you are destroyed and come to sudden ruin because of the evil you have done in forsaking him.
1 Samuel 14:20 Then Saul and all his men assembled and went to the battle. They found the Philistines in total confusion, striking each other with their swords.
Zechariah 14:13 On that day people will be stricken by the LORD with great panic. They will seize each other by the hand and attack one another.
Isaiah 22:5 The Lord, the LORD Almighty, has a day of tumult and trampling and terror in the Valley of Vision, a day of battering down walls and of crying out to the mountains.
Proverbs 15:16 Better a little with the fear of the LORD than great wealth with turmoil.

Related Words

External Resources

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