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H5647 · Hebrew · Old Testament
עָבַד
avad
Verb
serve, work, labor, worship

Definition

Avad means to work, serve, labor, or worship. It appears about 290 times in the OT. The noun form is eved (servant/slave, H5650). The range of avad spans physical labor (Adam in the garden, Genesis 2:15), covenantal service to a king, and the highest form of worship and devotion to God.

In Hebrew thought, there is no sharp distinction between "serving" and "worshiping" God — both are avad. The verb that describes tilling the soil is the same verb used for priestly service at the altar and for the nation's whole-life consecration to YHWH.

Usage & Theological Significance

Genesis 2:15 says God placed Adam in the garden "to work it and take care of it" — the verbs are avad (work/serve) and shamar (keep/guard). Human vocation from creation is priestly: tending God's world as an act of worship.

The central demand of the Exodus is not just liberation but reorientation of avad. Israel had been serving Pharaoh (avad); God rescues them so they may serve Him (avad). Moses's recurring refrain: "Let my people go, that they may serve me (avad)" (Exodus 7:16).

The Eved YHWH — Servant of the LORD — passages in Isaiah (42:1–9; 49:1–6; 50:4–9; 52:13–53:12) describe the Messiah as the ultimate embodiment of avad. He serves perfectly where Israel failed. The church, as Christ's body, inherits this servant identity.

Key Bible Verses

Genesis 2:15 The LORD God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work (avad) it and take care of it.
Exodus 7:16 Let my people go, that they may serve (avad) me in the wilderness.
Joshua 24:14 Now fear the LORD and serve (avad) him with all faithfulness.
Isaiah 53:11 By his knowledge my righteous servant (eved) will justify many, and he will bear their iniquities.
Psalm 100:2 Serve (avad) the LORD with gladness; come before him with joyful songs.

Related Words

External Resources

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