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H8413 · Hebrew · Old Testament
תִּדְעָל
Tidal
Proper noun
Tidal — king of nations (Goiim)

Definition

Tidal was the king of 'Goiim' ('nations' or 'peoples') who joined the coalition of four kings against five in Genesis 14 — the first recorded military conflict in Scripture. He joined Chedorlaomer of Elam, Amraphel of Shinar (often identified with Babylon), and Arioch of Ellasar. This coalition defeated the five cities of the plain (including Sodom) and took Lot captive, prompting Abram's rescue mission.

Usage & Theological Significance

The episode in Genesis 14 — involving Tidal and his coalition — is theologically significant for several reasons. It introduces the theme of Abraham as warrior-protector of his kin, foreshadowing the later military campaigns of Israel. Most significantly, Abram's victory over the four kings (including Tidal) is followed immediately by his encounter with Melchizedek, priest-king of Salem — a Christological type (Hebrews 7:1-3). The theological message: when God's chosen one goes to rescue the captive, he returns to worship and to receive blessing from the eternal priest. Tidal, 'king of nations,' is defeated by a man whose blessing comes from the Most High God, possessor of heaven and earth.

Key Bible Verses

Genesis 14:1 At the time of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Kedorlaomer king of Elam and Tidal king of Goiim...
Genesis 14:9 ...four kings against five — Kedorlaomer king of Elam, Tidal king of Goiim, Amraphel king of Shinar and Arioch king of Ellasar.
Genesis 14:16 He recovered all the goods and brought back his relative Lot and his possessions, together with the women and the other people.
Genesis 14:18 Then Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine. He was priest of God Most High.
Hebrews 7:1 This Melchizedek was king of Salem and priest of God Most High. He met Abraham returning from the defeat of the kings and blessed him.

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