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H855 · Hebrew · Old Testament
אֵת
et
Noun, masculine
Plowshare / Mattock

Definition

The Hebrew word et (distinct from the common direct-object marker) refers to a plowing tool — a plowshare, mattock, or similar iron implement used in agriculture. It appears in a famous passage in 1 Samuel describing Philistine domination of Israel's metal-working.

Usage & Theological Significance

The absence of plowshares in 1 Samuel 13 represents Philistine oppression — Israel was disarmed, forbidden from sharpening their own agricultural tools, let alone weapons. The same imagery is reversed in the great eschatological vision of Isaiah and Micah, where nations 'beat their swords into plowshares' (ittim). The plowshare thus symbolizes both the weight of oppression and the promise of peace. In the kingdom of God, instruments of war become instruments of cultivation — creation restored, violence ended, productivity flourishing.

Key Bible Verses

1 Samuel 13:20 So all Israel went down to the Philistines to have their plowshares, mattocks, axes, and sickles sharpened.
Isaiah 2:4 They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks.
Micah 4:3 They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks.
Joel 3:10 Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning hooks into spears.
1 Samuel 13:22 So on the day of the battle not a soldier with Saul and Jonathan had a sword or spear in his hand.

Related Words

External Resources

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