Greek-speaking Alexandrian Church Father (c. 150-c. 215) and head of the Catechetical School of Alexandria before Origen. Probably born at Athens to pagan parents; converted to Christianity and traveled widely seeking Christian teachers (Greece, Italy, Syria, Palestine, Egypt); finally settled at Alexandria as student and then teacher under Pantaenus at the Catechetical School; succeeded Pantaenus as head of the school (c. 190); taught at Alexandria until the Severan persecution forced him to flee (c. 202), after which he served as a Christian teacher in Cappadocia under his former student Alexander (later bishop of Jerusalem). Clement's principal literary work is the great trilogy: (1) the Exhortation to the Greeks (Protrepticus), addressing pagans and arguing for conversion to Christianity as the true philosophy; (2) Christ the Educator (Paedagogus), addressing newly-baptized Christians and providing substantial moral and practical guidance under Christ as the divine pedagogue; (3) Miscellanies (Stromata, patchwork), addressing mature Christians and engaging Greek philosophy, Christian doctrine, and the Christian gnosis (true knowledge as distinct from the heretical Gnostic counterfeit). Clement's distinctive contribution is the substantive Christian engagement with Greek philosophy: he treats Greek philosophy as preparatory to the gospel for the Greeks just as the Mosaic law was preparatory for the Jews; he commends Christian gnosis as the true philosophy that fulfills what the Greeks sought. His allegorical exegesis (continuing the Alexandrian tradition of Philo) anticipates Origen's more developed method. The patriarchal-Reformed reader engages Clement with substantive interest in his cultured Christian engagement with Greek philosophy while exercising discernment on his more speculative-philosophical elements.
Greek-speaking Alexandrian Church Father (c. 150-c. 215); head of Catechetical School of Alexandria before Origen; great trilogy Exhortation to the Greeks, Christ the Educator, Miscellanies; cultured Christian engagement with Greek philosophy.
CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA, proper n. (c. 150-c. 215; Titus Flavius Clemens) Greek-speaking Alexandrian Church Father; head of Catechetical School of Alexandria before Origen. Probably born Athens to pagan parents; converted and traveled widely seeking Christian teachers (Greece, Italy, Syria, Palestine, Egypt); settled Alexandria under Pantaenus at Catechetical School; succeeded Pantaenus c. 190. Taught Alexandria until Severan persecution forced flight c. 202; served as Christian teacher in Cappadocia under former student Alexander (later bishop of Jerusalem). Principal work: great trilogy — Protrepticus (Exhortation to the Greeks, addressing pagans for conversion); Paedagogus (Christ the Educator, addressing newly-baptized for moral guidance); Stromata (Miscellanies, addressing mature Christians on philosophy, doctrine, true gnosis). Greek philosophy preparatory to gospel for Greeks as Mosaic law was for Jews. Allegorical exegesis anticipates Origen.
Acts 17:22-23 — "Then Paul stood in the midst of Mars' hill, and said, Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too superstitious. For as I passed by, and beheld your devotions, I found an altar with this inscription, TO THE UNKNOWN GOD. Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you."
1 Corinthians 9:22 — "I am made all things to all men, that I might by all means save some."
Galatians 3:24 — "Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith."
John 1:9 — "That was the true Light, which lighteth every man that cometh into the world."
The principal historic-theological discussion involves how much continuity Clement claimed between Greek philosophy and Christian revelation, and whether his Christian-gnosis category is theologically safe.
Clement of Alexandria as a proper name does not undergo lexical corruption. The principal historic-theological discussion involves Clement's substantive Christian engagement with Greek philosophy and his Christian-gnosis category. Clement's position is that Greek philosophy was a divinely intended preparation for the Greeks just as the Mosaic law was for the Jews; the cultured Greek Christian arrives at the mature Christian gnosis through both the gospel and the chastened reception of philosophical inheritance. The Reformed-confessional tradition engages this position with appropriate discernment: the principle of natural revelation (Romans 1) and of common grace operating in non-Christian thought is substantively received; the more expansive claim that Greek philosophy contains substantive saving truth apart from special revelation is held with critical reserve. Clement's Christian-gnosis category was carefully distinguished from heretical Gnosticism by Clement himself; the patriarchal-Reformed reader engages the distinction with appropriate care.
Alexandrian Church Father; Catechetical School head before Origen; great trilogy; Christian engagement with Greek philosophy.
['Latin', '—', 'Titus Flavius Clemens', "Clement's full Roman name"]
['Greek', '—', 'Protrepticus', 'Exhortation']
['Greek', '—', 'Stromata', 'patchwork, miscellanies']
"Clement of Alexandria headed the Catechetical School of Alexandria before Origen."
"Great trilogy: Exhortation to the Greeks, Christ the Educator, Miscellanies."
"Treats Greek philosophy as preparatory to the gospel for the Greeks."