Italian-Swiss Reformed theologian (1623-1687) and one of the greatest Reformed-scholastic dogmaticians of the seventeenth century. Born at Geneva to a refugee Italian family (his grandfather had fled Lucca to escape the Italian Inquisition; the family settled at Geneva); trained at the Geneva Academy under Théodore Tronchin, Friedrich Spanheim Sr., and Giovanni Diodati; studied further at Leiden, Utrecht, Paris, Saumur (where he absorbed Reformed scholarship without absorbing the Saumur Amyraldian distinctives), Nimes, and Montauban. Ordained 1647; pastored the Italian refugee congregation at Geneva (1648-1653); appointed professor of theology at the Geneva Academy in 1653, where he served until his death in 1687. Turretin's monumental contribution is the three-volume Institutio Theologiae Elencticae (1679-1685, Institutes of Elenctic Theology), one of the great Reformed-scholastic systematic theologies. The work treats every major theological locus through the elenctic method (question, answer, supporting arguments, refutation of opposing positions) and engages with extraordinary thoroughness the Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Arminian, Amyraldian, Socinian, and other opposing positions. Turretin's Institutio was the standard Reformed systematic theology text at Princeton Seminary in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (Charles Hodge taught from it before completing his own three-volume Systematic Theology) and remains in active use in confessional Reformed seminaries today (the modern English translation by George Musgrave Giger, edited by James T. Dennison Jr., published 1992-1997, has made the work freshly accessible). Turretin also played a substantial role in the Helvetic Consensus Formula (1675), a Reformed-confessional response to Amyraldianism that maintained the strict Reformed positions on the extent of the atonement and the inspiration of Scripture.