Seventeenth-century Catholic theological movement founded by Cornelius Jansen (1585-1638), bishop of Ypres in the Spanish Netherlands. Jansen's principal work, posthumously published as the Augustinus (1640, a substantial three-volume Latin theological treatise), attempted to recover Augustine's strict doctrine of grace against the dominant Catholic Jesuit-Molinist position (which had developed a more synergistic doctrine of grace-cooperating-with-free-will). Jansen's Augustinus articulated five principal theses that approximated substantially the Reformed-confessional doctrines of total depravity, unconditional election, particular redemption, irresistible grace, and the perseverance of the saints — though within a Catholic ecclesial framework. The movement gained substantial influence in seventeenth-century French Catholicism through the convent of Port-Royal-des-Champs (the Jansenist institutional center) and through prominent Jansenist intellectuals including Blaise Pascal (whose Provincial Letters, 1656-1657, brilliantly polemicized for the Jansenist position against the Jesuits) and Antoine Arnauld. The movement was substantially controverted within Catholicism: five propositions extracted from Jansen's Augustinus were condemned by Pope Innocent X in the bull Cum occasione (1653); the Jansenists contested whether the condemned propositions accurately represented Jansen's actual teaching; the controversy continued through the seventeenth and into the eighteenth century. The bull Unigenitus (1713, Pope Clement XI) substantially condemned the Jansenist movement; Port-Royal-des-Champs was suppressed and physically demolished by royal order (1709); the Jansenist movement continued in attenuated form into the eighteenth century (the so-called Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands, founded 1723, has Jansenist origins). The Reformed-confessional engagement with Jansenism is substantive: Jansenist soteriology approximated substantially the Reformed positions while remaining within a Catholic ecclesial framework that the Reformation had substantively rejected; Jansenism represents a remarkable case of Augustinian-Reformed soteriology recovered within Catholicism by Catholics aware of and largely sympathetic to Reformation doctrinal concerns.