Second-century Christian movement founded by Montanus of Phrygia (c. 160) along with the prophetesses Maximilla and Priscilla; sometimes called the New Prophecy (its self-designation) and sometimes called the Phrygian heresy after its place of origin. The movement's principal distinctives were: (1) claim of new prophetic revelation through the Holy Spirit, given through Montanus and the prophetesses in ecstatic-trance utterances (the Montanists claimed these utterances were on par with apostolic-era prophetic revelation); (2) rigorist moral discipline (strict fasting, refusal of remarriage after widowhood, refusal of flight under persecution, harsh penance for grave sins); (3) imminent expectation of Christ's return, with the New Jerusalem expected to descend at the small Phrygian village of Pepuza; (4) apocalyptic excitement. The movement was suppressed by the broader catholic church through the late second and third centuries; most catholic leaders rejected Montanism for its claim of continuing prophetic revelation comparable to apostolic-era prophecy. The most famous catholic figure to adopt Montanism was Tertullian (c. 155-c. 220), who in his later career embraced Montanism for its rigorist moral discipline, producing some of the most substantive Montanist literature in the process. The patriarchal-Reformed reader engages Montanism as a substantively significant historic-Christian movement whose features (the claim of continuing apostolic-era prophetic revelation; the rigorist moral discipline; the apocalyptic excitement; the elevation of female prophetesses to authoritative teaching positions) recur in various forms in subsequent Christian history (medieval Joachimism, Anabaptist enthusiasm, Quaker inner-light claims, the various charismatic and Pentecostal revivals of the modern era).