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G1713 · Greek · New Testament
ἔμπορος
emporos
Noun, masculine
merchant, trader, one who travels for commerce

Definition

Emporos (ἔμπορος) is the merchant — literally "one who travels in" (from en + poros, passage). The merchant travels to buy cheap and sell dear, traversing distances and cultures. The word appears in Matthew's parable of the pearl and in Revelation's lament over Babylon.

Usage & Theological Significance

The emporos in Matthew 13:45-46 is Jesus' model disciple: someone actively seeking, expertly assessing, and when he finds the surpassing pearl, liquidating everything else. This merchant knows value when he sees it. The same figure appears inverted in Revelation 18: merchants who grew rich from Babylon's corruption weep at her fall (18:11-15). They traded in everything including "souls" (18:13). The theological contrast: the good merchant trades earthly goods for eternal treasure; the worldly merchant trades eternal souls for earthly goods.

Key Verses

Matthew 13:45 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant [emporos] looking for fine pearls.
Revelation 18:3 The merchants [emporoi] of the earth grew rich from her excessive luxuries.
Revelation 18:11 "The merchants [emporoi] of the earth will weep and mourn over her because no one buys their cargoes anymore."
Revelation 18:15 The merchants [emporoi] who sold these things and gained their wealth from her will stand far off, terrified at her torment.
James 4:13 Now listen, you who say, "Today or tomorrow we will go to this or that city... carry on business [emporeuomai]."

Word Study

Ancient merchants were both admired and suspect — they crossed boundaries, knew prices, accumulated wealth, but were not rooted in community. Revelation weaponizes this ambivalence: Babylon's merchants are the epitome of rootless wealth-accumulation, crying as their profit-source burns. Against this, Jesus' merchant (Matt. 13:45) has the same mobility and market-savvy but applies them to the kingdom: he recognizes supreme value and acts decisively.

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