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G1719 · Greek · New Testament
ἔμφοβος
emphobos
Adjective
terrified, filled with fear, trembling with awe

Definition

Emphobos means terrified or filled with fear — the prefix em (in) intensifies phobos (fear). It appears 5 times in the NT, always in contexts of supernatural encounter: angelic appearances, the transfiguration, and resurrection appearances. This is not common fear but the overwhelming dread that accompanies divine presence.

Usage & Theological Significance

Every NT use of emphobos occurs at a moment of encounter with transcendent reality: women at the empty tomb (Luke 24:5), disciples seeing the risen Jesus (Luke 24:37, Acts 10:4), Cornelius before the angel (Acts 10:4), the disciples at the transfiguration (Luke 9:34), and the crowd at Pentecost (Acts 22:9). The pattern confirms that authentic encounter with the divine produces emphobos — a fear that is not mere terror but profound awe at the contrast between creaturely limitation and divine glory. This is the NT equivalent of yirah (fear of the LORD) — the holy trembling that marks genuine theophany. Even resurrection, the greatest good news, arrives clothed in this fear.

Key Bible Verses

Luke 24:5 In their fright [emphobos], the women bowed down with their faces to the ground.
Luke 24:37 They were startled and frightened [emphobos], thinking they saw a ghost.
Acts 10:4 Cornelius stared at him in fear [emphobos]. 'What is it, Lord?' he asked.
Luke 9:34 As he was speaking... a cloud appeared and enveloped them, and they were afraid [emphobos].
Revelation 11:13 The survivors were terrified [emphobos] and gave glory to the God of heaven.

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