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G3120 · Greek · New Testament
μαλακός
malakos
Adjective
soft, effeminate (morally weak or dissolute)

Definition

Malakos (μαλακός) means soft — in the literal sense (soft clothing, Matt. 11:8) and in Paul's vice list (1 Cor. 6:9, where it likely refers to the passive partner in male same-sex relations or to moral softness/self-indulgence). The word requires careful contextual reading.

Usage & Theological Significance

Matthew 11:8 uses malakos neutrally — those wearing "fine clothes" live in palaces. The contrast sets John the Baptist's austere desert life against soft royal luxury. In 1 Corinthians 6:9, Paul lists malakoi among those who will not inherit the kingdom. Whatever the precise sexual or moral referent, the theological point is consistent: the kingdom demands a hardness of character — not harshness, but the formed strength that comes from dying to self. Self-indulgence (malakos) is the opposite of cruciformity.

Key Verses

Matthew 11:8 If not, what did you go out to see? A man dressed in fine [malakos] clothes? No, those who wear fine clothes are in kings' palaces.
Luke 7:25 If not, what did you go out to see? A man dressed in fine [malakos] clothes and indulging in luxury?
1 Corinthians 6:9 Or do you not know that wrongdoers will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: neither the sexually immoral... nor malakoi...
2 Timothy 3:4 Treacherous, rash, conceited, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God.
Luke 9:23 "Whoever wants to be my disciple must deny themselves and take up their cross daily and follow me."

Word Study

The contrast in Matthew 11 is pointed: John the Baptist in the wilderness (rough clothes, locust diet) versus kings' courtiers in malaka (soft things). John is the harder path — and the greater prophet. Jesus honors John's austerity as spiritual strength. The NT pattern is consistent: disciples are called not to softness of character but to the disciplined, self-denying life that bears fruit in a hard world.

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