Paul's nuanced use of anomos is instructive: in 1 Corinthians 9:21, he describes himself as becoming "as one outside the law (anomos) to those outside the law" — yet he is not anomos to God (being "in-lawed" to Christ). Here anomos describes Gentile context, not moral condition. In 2 Thessalonians 2:8, "the lawless one (anomos)" is the antichrist whom the Lord Jesus will kill with the breath of his mouth. And in 1 Timothy 1:9, anomos persons are those for whom law is a restraint — the ungodly, the unholy, the lawless.
Anomos is the adjectival form of anomia — describing a person or thing that is lawless, outside the law, or in defiance of it. It can also function as a noun: "the lawless one." Paul uses it both of those outside the Mosaic law (Gentiles) and of the eschatological rebel.