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G5 · Greek · New Testament
Ἄβελ
Abel
Proper noun, masculine
Abel (son of Adam, righteous martyr)

Definition

The Greek form Abel (transliterating Hebrew Hevel, H1893) refers to the second son of Adam and Eve, whose offering God accepted and who was murdered by his brother Cain. In the New Testament, Abel is held up as the archetype of the righteous martyr whose blood cries out for justice.

Usage & Theological Significance

In the New Testament, Abel appears in three significant contexts: (1) Jesus identifies him as the first righteous man whose blood was shed, inaugurating the long line of prophetic martyrs culminating in Zechariah (Matthew 23:35); (2) Hebrews 11:4 declares that 'by faith Abel brought God a better offering than Cain did... and through his faith, though he is dead, he still speaks'; (3) Hebrews 12:24 contrasts Abel's blood, which 'cried for vengeance,' with the blood of Jesus, which 'speaks a better word.' Abel thus becomes a type of Christ: the innocent one slain by jealousy, whose death paradoxically speaks and accomplishes something beyond itself.

Key Bible Verses

Matthew 23:35 And so upon you will come all the righteous blood that has been shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Berekiah.
Hebrews 11:4 By faith Abel brought God a better offering than Cain did. By faith he was commended as righteous, when God spoke well of his offerings. And by faith Abel still speaks, even though he is dead.
Hebrews 12:24 To Jesus the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood that speaks a better word than the blood of Abel.
Luke 11:51 From the blood of Abel to the blood of Zechariah, who was killed between the altar and the sanctuary. Yes, I tell you, this generation will be held responsible for it all.
1 John 3:12 Do not be like Cain, who belonged to the evil one and murdered his brother. And why did he murder him? Because his own actions were evil and his brother's were righteous.

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