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H4679 · Hebrew · Old Testament
מְצַד
metsad
Noun, masculine
stronghold, mountain fastness, fortress

Definition

Metsad is a mountain stronghold or natural fortress — a fortified high place, often a rocky peak used as a defensive position. It appears in historical narratives about David's wilderness years, when he hid in the strongholds (metsadot) of the wilderness from Saul. The city of Masada takes its name from this word.

Usage & Theological Significance

David's time in the metsad (stronghold) was a school of trust. Unable to rely on palace or army, stripped of status, he ran to rocky fortresses and called God his ultimate stronghold. Psalm 18:2 identifies God as 'my rock, my fortress (metsudah), my deliverer.' The physical stronghold becomes a living metaphor: just as the rocky mountain is impregnable to enemy attack, so God's protection is insurmountable. This theology of refuge runs from David through to the Book of Revelation, where God is the ultimate fortress of His people.

Key Bible Verses

1 Samuel 23:14 David stayed in the wilderness strongholds [metsad] and in the hills of the Desert of Ziph.
1 Samuel 22:4 So he left them with the king of Moab, and they stayed with him as long as David was in the stronghold [metsad].
Psalm 18:2 The LORD is my rock, my fortress [metsudah], and my deliverer; my God is my rock, in whom I take refuge.
Psalm 31:3 Since you are my rock and my fortress [metsad], for the sake of your name lead and guide me.
Judges 6:2 Because the power of Midian was so oppressive... the Israelites prepared shelters for themselves in mountain clefts, caves and strongholds.

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External Resources

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