A primitive root meaning to turn away, be refractory or rebellious. Used to describe Israel's persistent pattern of turning from God. Often used of a stubborn ox or rebellious child.
Sarar is the verb of willful apostasy. Hosea 4:16 compares Israel to a 'backsliding heifer.' Jeremiah uses it repeatedly. The word implies rebellion is not a single act but a settled posture. The antidote is shub (return/repent).