Definition · Webster 1828 · Scriptures · Corruption · Roots · Usage · Related
Boaz is one of the most pastorally rich figures of the OT—the wealthy landowner of Bethlehem who became the kinsman-redeemer of Ruth the Moabitess, married her, and became great-grandfather of David and ancestor of Christ Himself (Matt 1:5). His narrative occupies the four chapters of the book of Ruth, with substantial theological substance at every step. Several structural features mark the doctrine. First, the kinsman-redeemer role. Hebrew gō’ēl (kinsman-redeemer) was a near male relative who had specific covenantal obligations under the Mosaic law: to redeem the property of an impoverished kinsman (Lev 25:25), to redeem a kinsman who had sold himself into slavery (Lev 25:47-49), to marry the widow of a deceased brother to raise up seed for him (Deut 25:5-10, the levirate marriage), and to avenge the blood of a slain kinsman (Num 35:19). Boaz exercises the kinsman-redeemer role for Ruth and the property of Elimelech’s household, fulfilling both the property-redemption and the levirate-marriage obligations (Ruth 4:1-12). Second, the typological Christology. Boaz as kinsman-redeemer prefigures Christ as the great Kinsman-Redeemer of His people. Christ took our nature (becoming our kinsman through the incarnation, Heb 2:14-17); He redeemed us at the cost of His own life (the redemption-price the kinsman-redeemer is to pay); He married His people (the marriage of the Lamb, Rev 19:7-9); He has the right of redemption no other can claim. The Boaz-and-Ruth narrative is one of the great OT typological pictures of Christ-and-the-church. Third, the substantive character-portrait of Boaz. The narrative presents him as a man of pre-eminent godliness: he greets his workers with the LORD be with you, and they respond the LORD bless thee (Ruth 2:4); he extends extraordinary kindness to Ruth, going beyond the strict requirements of the gleaning laws (Ruth 2:8-16); he prays the LORD’s blessing on her: the LORD recompense thy work, and a full reward be given thee of the LORD God of Israel, under whose wings thou art come to trust (Ruth 2:12); he handles the threshing-floor scene with absolute propriety, protecting Ruth’s reputation (Ruth 3:13-14); he engages the closer kinsman publicly and honorably at the city gate (Ruth 4:1-10). Fourth, the Davidic-and-Christological line. The closing genealogy of Ruth (4:18-22) traces from Pharez through Boaz to David, with Matthew 1:5 extending the line to Christ. Boaz’s marriage to Ruth produced Obed, who fathered Jesse, who fathered David, in whose line the Messiah came. The Moabite Ruth’s inclusion in the messianic line is the LORD’s deliberate inclusion of the Gentile-foreigner-by-faith into the genealogy of the Savior. Fifth, the pillar named Boaz. 1 Kings 7:21 records that one of the two pillars at the entrance of Solomon’s temple was named Boaz (paired with Jachin, “he establishes”)—in him is strength standing as the foundational confession at the temple’s entrance.
Boaz (Hebrew, “in him is strength”) was the wealthy landowner of Bethlehem who became the kinsman-redeemer of Ruth the Moabitess; their marriage produced Obed, the grandfather of David and ancestor of Christ (Matt 1:5); typologically Boaz prefigures Christ as the great Kinsman-Redeemer of His people.
BOAZ — A wealthy landowner of Bethlehem of the tribe of Judah; kinsman-redeemer of Ruth the Moabitess (Ruth 2-4); great-grandfather of David and ancestor of Christ (Matt 1:5).
KINSMAN-REDEEMER — The Hebrew gō’ēl; a near male relative with covenantal obligations to redeem property, redeem kinsmen from slavery, marry a widowed brother’s wife to raise up seed, and avenge slain kinsmen’s blood; supremely fulfilled in Christ as the great Kinsman-Redeemer of His people.
Ruth 2:11-12 — "And Boaz answered and said unto her, It hath fully been shewed me, all that thou hast done unto thy mother in law since the death of thine husband... The LORD recompense thy work, and a full reward be given thee of the LORD God of Israel, under whose wings thou art come to trust."
Ruth 4:9-10 — "And Boaz said unto the elders, and unto all the people, Ye are witnesses this day, that I have bought all that was Elimelech’s... Moreover Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of Mahlon, have I purchased to be my wife, to raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance..."
Matthew 1:5 — "And Salmon begat Booz of Rachab; and Booz begat Obed of Ruth; and Obed begat Jesse."
Ruth 4:18-22 — "Now these are the generations of Pharez: Pharez begat Hezron... And Salmon begat Boaz, and Boaz begat Obed, And Obed begat Jesse, and Jesse begat David."
The Boaz-doctrine is corrupted chiefly by the contemporary romantic-novel sentimentalization of the Boaz-and-Ruth narrative (treating it as a charming OT love-story without the substantive kinsman-redeemer typology and the Davidic-Christological genealogical substance)—and by the loss of the kinsman-redeemer doctrine in much contemporary preaching, which leaves Christ-as-Redeemer taught only in its general outlines without the Boaz-typological substance.
The contemporary romantic-novel sentimentalization of the Boaz-and-Ruth narrative reduces it to a charming OT love-story—the foreign widow finds a wealthy good man who falls in love with her and marries her—without the substantive kinsman-redeemer typology and the Davidic-Christological genealogical substance the narrative actually carries. The book of Ruth’s structure is theological: it is the kinsman-redeemer narrative, with the legal-covenantal procedures explicitly displayed (Ruth 4:1-12 records the formal city-gate exchange with the closer kinsman, the shoe-loosing procedure, the public declarations); it is the David-genealogy narrative, with the closing genealogy explicitly establishing the messianic line (Ruth 4:18-22 = Matt 1:5); it is the inclusion-of-the-Gentile narrative, with the Moabite woman’s entry into the messianic line as the LORD’s deliberate placement of a Gentile-by-faith into the line of the Savior. The recovery is the recovery of the substantive theology that gives the narrative’s beauty its actual depth.
The deeper loss is the kinsman-redeemer doctrine itself. The Hebrew gō’ēl is one of the great OT theological categories, with covenantal-legal obligations carefully prescribed in Leviticus 25 and Deuteronomy 25 that prefigure Christ’s great redemptive work. Christ took our nature (became our kinsman); He had the right of redemption no other could claim; He paid the redemption-price at the cost of His own life; He married His people; He raised up seed where there had been the deadness of sin. Each feature of the kinsman-redeemer doctrine finds its substantive fulfillment in Christ, and the Boaz-narrative is the OT’s most extended development of the figure. The contemporary preaching that treats Christ as Redeemer in only general terms (without the OT kinsman-redeemer substance) loses substantial doctrinal richness. The recovery is the recovery of the kinsman-redeemer doctrine in its OT-typological depth, with Boaz as the figure whose substance Christ fulfills, and with the Boaz-and-Ruth narrative as the pastorally-rich extended typological development the doctrine deserves.
Hebrew Bō‘az (in him is strength); wealthy landowner of Bethlehem of the tribe of Judah; kinsman-redeemer (gō’ēl) of Ruth the Moabitess; great-grandfather of David and ancestor of Christ (Matt 1:5); typologically Boaz prefigures Christ as the great Kinsman-Redeemer who took our nature, paid the redemption-price, and married His people in covenantal love.
Hebrew Bō‘az (H1162) — Boaz (24 OT uses, mostly in Ruth).
Hebrew gō’ēl (H1350) — kinsman-redeemer (over 100 OT uses; the great OT theological-legal category).
Hebrew gō’ūllāh (H1353) — redemption (the noun behind the kinsman-redeemer’s action).
Greek apolutrōsis (G629) — redemption (the NT term; the substantive reality Boaz typologically anticipates).
"The LORD recompense thy work, and a full reward be given thee of the LORD God of Israel, under whose wings thou art come to trust—Boaz’s prayer for Ruth at their first meeting."
"Boaz’s legal-covenantal exercise of the kinsman-redeemer role (Ruth 4) prefigures Christ’s great redemptive work for His people."
"Contemporary romantic-novel sentimentalization reduces the narrative to a charming love-story; loss of kinsman-redeemer doctrine flattens Christ-as-Redeemer; biblical Boaz-doctrine recovers the substantive typological depth."
The editor of this dictionary, Adam Johns, has a living son named Boaz. The biblical Boaz is the kinsman-redeemer of Ruth, a man of “wealth and standing” (Ruth 2:1) whose generosity in the field, courage at the gate, and covenant fidelity make him one of the great OT pictures of Christ. The hope of the editor and his wife Maria is that their son will grow up to embody the biblical Boaz’s pattern — industrious in the field, gracious to the vulnerable, and faithful to the redeeming work the Lord gives him.
From the editor of this dictionary, Adam Johns — one of the personal annotations linking the canonical entry to the family that bears the name.