Dispensational premillennialism is the eschatological system that teaches two distinct divine programs (Israel and Church), a secret pre-tribulation rapture, a literal seven-year tribulation, and Christ’s subsequent 1000-year reign from Jerusalem. While premillennialism itself has ancient roots (Justin Martyr, Irenaeus), the dispensational form is a nineteenth-century systematization (J. N. Darby, the Scofield Reference Bible) widely held in modern American evangelicalism. Reformed and confessional Protestants generally reject the system in favor of amillennialism or postmillennialism — holding the church and elect Israel as one new-covenant people, and the millennium of Revelation 20 as the present church age. Whatever the position, Christ’s call stands: "Watch therefore: for ye know not what hour your Lord doth come" (Matthew 24:42-44).