Free agency is the Reformed account of the genuine freedom of the human will—the truth that man always acts as a free agent, choosing willingly and without external compulsion according to his own nature, understanding, and strongest inclination—held in distinction from the libertarian ‘free will’ that the Reformed deny. The distinction between free agency and free will (in the libertarian sense) is one of the most important and most often missed in this whole debate. Libertarian free will asserts a power of contrary choice independent of one’s nature—the will hovering in indifference, able to choose either good or evil regardless of the heart’s governing state. This the Reformed deny, for it makes the will autonomous and uncaused, severs choice from character, and is contradicted by the bondage of the fallen will to sin. Free agency, by contrast, affirms that man is a true and free agent precisely because he acts according to himself—his choices flow from his own understanding, desires, and nature; he is not coerced, not forced against his will, but does freely and spontaneously what he most wants to do. This is real freedom, the only freedom worth the name and the only kind Scripture knows: the freedom of a responsible agent acting from his own heart, not the fictitious freedom of a will detached from the self. Crucially, free agency is compatible with the certainty and even the necessity of the choice: a man may be certain to choose as he does (because of his nature and God’s decree) and yet choose freely (because he chooses willingly, from himself, without compulsion). Thus the fallen man freely chooses sin—no one forces him; he does exactly what he wants—and is therefore fully responsible; and the regenerate man, his nature renewed, freely chooses Christ. God’s sovereign grace does not coerce the will against itself but renews the nature, so that the sinner, made willing in the day of God’s power, freely and gladly comes to Christ. Free agency thus preserves both the genuineness of human freedom and responsibility and the sovereignty of God over the will, and it dissolves the false dilemma that pits divine sovereignty against meaningful human choice.